Geography and Oceanography

a scientist specializing in the study of oceans, focusing on their physical properties, marine life, ecosystems, and interactions with the atmosphere and land

The oceanographer conducted research aboard a research vessel to study deep-sea currents.

a person who studies the Earth's landscapes, climates, populations, and their relationships to human activities and the environment

The geographer used satellite images and GIS technology to map the changes in land use over the past decade.

the atmospheric layer above the troposphere, where temperature generally increases with altitude and the ozone layer is situated

The stratosphere contains the ozone layer, crucial for absorbing and blocking harmful ultraviolet radiation.

relating to the upper layer of the oceanic zone, extending from the surface to a depth of about 200 meters

relating to the middle layer of the oceanic zone, extending from a depth of about 200 meters to about 1000 meters

relating to the deep layer of the oceanic zone, extending from a depth of about 1000 meters to about 4000 meters below the surface

the extensive removal of forests, typically causing environmental damage

Large-scale deforestation is driven by the demand for agricultural land.

related to the detailed mapping or description of the physical features and landscape of a particular area

The topographical survey revealed the steep slopes and valleys of the mountainous region.

remote and sparsely populated inland regions of Australia, typically characterized by arid landscapes and minimal human habitation

The vast expanse of the Australian outback is known for its red desert sands and expansive plains.

the elevated regions or mountainous areas that are higher than the surrounding terrain, often characterized by cooler temperatures and diverse ecosystems

The Scottish Highlands are famous for their rugged beauty, historic castles, and picturesque lochs.

‌to or in a foreign country, particularly one that is across the sea

She accepted a job offer and relocated overseas.

related to the Alps mountain range and the people who live there

The alpine villages are known for their charming architecture and stunning mountain views.

existing, operating, or happening in secrecy or obscurity

Rumors of a subterranean organization controlling the city's politics spread like wildfire.

an imaginary horizontal circle around the Earth parallel to the equator, used to measure north-south position

The explorer recorded the latitude of the new settlement.

a lake, either natural or artificial, from which water is supplied to houses

The city's reservoir, nestled in the hills, stores water from nearby rivers and supplies it to thousands of homes.

related to areas or ecosystems situated along the banks of rivers, streams, or other water bodies

The riparian zone along the riverbank is lush with vegetation that thrives on the water's edge.

the vertical column of water in a body of water, such as an ocean, sea, lake, or river, extending from the surface to the bottom

related to regions or climates located in the northern latitudes of the Earth, characterized by cold temperatures and typically dominated by coniferous forests

The boreal forests of Canada are home to diverse wildlife adapted to cold winters, such as moose, wolves, and bears.

the coastal regions or areas adjacent to the sea or ocean, often characterized by economic activities such as shipping, fishing, and tourism

The bustling cities and ports along the seaboard contribute significantly to the country's economy.

related to the zone between the high and low tide marks on the shore, where marine organisms are adapted to alternating periods of exposure to air and water

Intertidal creatures like crabs and mussels are adapted to withstand both wet and dry conditions.

a monitoring station located along a coastline or in a body of water that measures and records tidal data

related to ocean zones where no sunlight penetrates, typically below 200 meters deep, supporting organisms adapted to darkness

The aphotic zone of the ocean is home to unique bioluminescent organisms that generate their own light.

a large mass of ice that forms over long periods of time, especially in polar regions or high mountains

Scientists study glaciers to understand the effects of climate change on ice melt and sea-level rise.

a large, unbroken expanse of land, like a continent or a big island, standing out from smaller land features

Asia is the largest landmass on Earth, encompassing diverse climates and cultures.

a period of intense air pollution characterized by high levels of a mixture of pollutants

related to areas or phenomena located around the poles of the Earth, particularly within the Arctic and Antarctic circles

Circumpolar regions experience extreme seasonal variations in daylight, with continuous daylight in summer and darkness in winter.

a layer of rock or sediment that stores and transmits groundwater

Farmers drill wells into the aquifer to access water for irrigation.

related to the science of measuring and understanding the Earth's shape, size, gravitational field, and the precise locations of points on its surface

Geodetic surveys are essential for creating accurate maps and charts used in navigation and land development.

a piece of land under which waste material is buried

The city opened a new landfill to accommodate its growing waste management needs.

a scientist who studies and predicts weather conditions by analyzing atmospheric patterns, utilizing tools such as weather models, instruments, and data to provide forecasts and weather-related information

The meteorologist on the news predicted rain for the weekend.

having a connection to or originating in the Earth's atmosphere

Atmospheric conditions can affect weather patterns and climate.

either half of a sphere

The sports arena's roof was designed in the shape of a hemisphere.