Medical Science

an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization

During the first trimester, the human embryo undergoes rapid cell division and differentiation to form essential organs.

related to the process of growth, progress, or improvement over time

The developmental stage of the project focuses on research and planning.

related to or resembling lymph or the tissues where lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, are produced

The lymphoid organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes, play a crucial role in the immune system.

the body's defensive reaction to foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, or toxins, involving the activation of immune cells and the production of antibodies

The vaccine works by stimulating the immune response to build resistance against the virus.

a medicine without any physiological effect that is given to a control group in an experiment to measure the effectiveness of a new drug or to patients who think they need medicine when in reality they do not

In the clinical trial, half of the participants received the experimental drug while the other half received a placebo.

any organism that can cause diseases

The laboratory tests confirmed the presence of a bacterial pathogen responsible for the patient's severe food poisoning.

a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, vivid dreaming, and muscle paralysis, important for cognitive restoration and memory consolidation

During REM sleep, brain activity resembles that of wakefulness, despite muscle immobility.

the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury or long-term inflammation

Chronic hepatitis can lead to fibrosis of the liver over time.

the tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal environment and maintain a stable, balanced condition, despite external changes

Sweating to cool down the body temperature is an example of homeostasis in response to external heat.

to insert a living tissue or an artificial object into the body via medical procedure

The surgeon successfully implanted a pacemaker to regulate the patient's heartbeat.

an examination of a deceased person's organs to determine the cause of death

Autopsies are crucial for investigating and determining the cause of death.

related to the production, use, or sale of medicines

The pharmaceutical company developed a new medicine for treating allergies.

an injury or wound to living tissue, often involving a cut, break, or trauma to the skin

The patient had a small lesion on his forearm.

relating to the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood into the arteries

The doctor noted a high systolic blood pressure reading during the patient's check-up.

a medical treatment that uses bacteriophages, or viruses that specifically target and kill bacteria, to combat bacterial infections

having a positive effect on both physical and mental well-being

Gardening has therapeutic benefits, promoting relaxation and reducing stress.

a secondary effect of any drug or medicine, usually an undesirable one

While the new medication effectively managed her symptoms, she was concerned about the potential side effects, including nausea and fatigue.

to find out the cause of a problem or disease that a person has by examining the symptoms

Doctors use various tests to diagnose medical conditions accurately.

preventing the growth of harmful microorganisms

She applied antiseptic cream to the cut to prevent infection.

the group of organs inside the body that absorb the food and pass the waste

Within the digestive system, enzymes and acids collaborate to break down food into smaller molecules for absorption.

a live microorganism, typically bacteria or yeast, that is beneficial to health, especially the digestive system

She started taking probiotics daily to improve her gut health.

to clean something thoroughly to reduce or eliminate germs, bacteria, or other harmful microorganisms

After preparing raw meat, it's important to sanitize the cutting board to prevent cross-contamination.

related to the process of breathing and the organs involved in it, such as the lungs and airways

Respiratory infections, like the common cold or pneumonia, affect the airways and lungs.

a numerical measure of an individual's body fat based on their weight and height, often used to assess and categorize body weight in relation to health

The doctor calculated the patient's body mass index to evaluate their overall health.

related to the period occurring or existing before birth, specifically in relation to the development and care of the fetus during pregnancy

Prenatal vitamins are recommended for expectant mothers to support fetal development

relating to pregnancy or the period of carrying offspring in the womb

Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy.

mucus or phlegm that is coughed up from the respiratory tract, typically as a result of infection or disease

The doctor asked the patient to provide a sample of sputum for laboratory analysis.

the thick mucus that is formed in the nasal and throat cavities, usually secreted in excessive amounts as a result of common cold

The common cold often causes an increase in phlegm production, leading to congestion and coughing.

a scientist specializing in the study of drugs, their effects on biological systems, and their development for therapeutic purposes

The pharmacologist conducted experiments to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new drug candidate.

a medical specialist who specializes in diagnosing and treating injuries using radioactive substances and X-rays

a medical professional who specializes in studying and diagnosing diseases by examining tissues, cells, and bodily fluids

The pathologist plays a key role in understanding the causes and nature of diseases.

a doctor who specializes in the treatment of children

She took her baby to the pediatrician for routine check-ups and vaccinations.

a medical imaging technique that uses a small amount of radioactive tracer material to diagnose and monitor diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and neurological disorders

The PET scan revealed a hot spot indicating increased metabolic activity in the brain.

(particularly of diseases within the body) having a tendency to spread in a rapid and dangerous manner

the process of boosting the immunity system of a person or animal against a disease by vaccination

a condition where the immune system is weakened, making the person more vulnerable to infections and illnesses

Immunodeficiency disorders can be inherited or acquired, affecting the body's ability to fight infections.

(anatomy) the act or process of breathing

Respiration involves the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide by the lungs.

a liquid that is applied to the hair or skin to make it look healthy and attractive

to be responsible for a company, organization, etc. and manage its affairs, including financial matters

The CEO diligently administers the company, overseeing its overall operations and strategic direction.

a doctor who is trained to treat animals

She's been working as a veterinarian at a local animal clinic for over twenty years.

able to promote or restore one's health or strength

Physical therapy exercises served restorative purposes in regaining knee strength following injury.

the natural biological process that marks the end of a woman's menstrual cycles, typically occurring around the age of 50

Many women experience hot flashes and mood swings during menopause.

able to cause disease

remedy that prevents or slows the course of an illness or disease

relating to the study and treatment of mental illness

She sought psychiatric help to manage her anxiety disorder.

a professional who studies behavior and mental processes to understand and treat psychological disorders and improve overall mental health

The psychologist counseled patients struggling with anxiety and depression.

a vitamin that helps keep the body cells healthy and supports the immune system, commonly found in fruits like orange and vegetables like tomatoes

Oranges contain a high amount of ascorbic acid, which is also known as vitamin C.

the impaired or abnormal functioning of an organ, system, or biological process, often resulting in diminished efficiency or health consequences

Chronic stress can lead to dysfunction of the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections.