Unit 3

to be promoted to a better position or job in life

After years of hard work, she finally moved up to a managerial position in the company.

to change one's position from a lying position into an upright one

After a long nap on the couch, she suddenly sat up, realizing she had overslept.

to position one's body like a ball with one's arms and legs placed close to one's body while sitting

After a long day at work, she likes to curl up on the sofa with a good book.

to regard someone or something as inferior or unworthy of respect or consideration

I will not let anyone look down on me because of my background.

to put one's body in a flat position in order to sleep or rest

I'm feeling tired, so I'm going to lie down for a while.

to turn a switch on a device so that it makes more sound, heat, etc.

Can you turn up the radio?I want to listen to this song.

to set money or resources aside for future use

She saved up enough money to buy a new car after a year of careful budgeting.

to become faster

The river currents began to speed up after heavy rainfall in the upstream areas.

to become silent or less noisy

The children were asked to quiet down during the school assembly.

to cut through something at its base in order to make it fall

The lumberjacks had to cut down the old oak tree to clear space for the new construction project.

to move with a lower speed or rate of movement

In heavy traffic, it's common for vehicles to slow down and create congestion.

the activity of exchanging goods or services

The trade between the two countries has increased significantly over the past decade.

to wear formal clothes for a special occasion or event

They decided to dress up for the elegant gala, donning evening gowns and tuxedos.

to simplify or reduce the intellectual content of something in order to make it more accessible or appealing to a wider audience

The teacher decided to dumb down the lesson so that all students could grasp the concepts.

to dress in a more casual or informal manner than usual, often for a specific occasion or to conform to a dress code

On Fridays, we are allowed to dress down at the office.

to establish a fresh entity, such as a company, system, or organization

She set up a charity to support underprivileged children in the community.

to make someone excited, enthusiastic, or motivated, often for a particular purpose or activity

The music at the concert fires up the crowd every time.

(of a computer or electronic device) to start and load the operating system into memory for use

The new software allows the computer to boot up much faster than before.

to willingly step back from a position or authority, and allow someone else to take over

The leader decided to stand down from their role to allow new ideas and leadership to emerge.

(of a machine or vehicle) to stop working as a result of a malfunction

The machinery broke down during the production process, leading to delays.

to make something stop working

He shut the computer down after finishing his work.

to bring something to a conclusion or resolution, often in a way that was unexpected or unplanned

She decided to wind up the meeting early due to lack of progress.

to buy the whole supply of something such as tickets, stocks, goods, etc.

The company managed to buy up the limited edition items and create a buzz.

to entirely consume a resource, leaving none remaining

She used the milk up in the recipe, so we need to buy more.

to secure something in place using pins or similar objects

The curtains flutter in the wind if they aren't pinned down.

to establish a stable and committed lifestyle, often involving marriage or a serious, long-term relationship

They planned to settle down and raise a family in their hometown.

to move past a negative reputation, embarrassing situation, or mistake by demonstrating better behavior over time

After the scandal, the politician worked hard to rebuild his reputation and live down the controversy.

to change from being a child into an adult little by little

Many children dream of what they want to be when they grow up.

to no longer be asleep

I remind her to wake up early for her flight tomorrow.

to quickly go to a different location, particularly to do a specific task

I need to run down to the store to pick up some groceries before it closes.

to express thoughts freely and confidently

Employees need to speak up if they witness unethical behavior.

to make a space or environment become brighter and less gloomy, by adding more light sources or using lighter colors and materials

Painting the walls a lighter color will lighten up the room and make it feel more spacious.

to become less angry, upset, or worried

After the accident, it took her a while to calm down.

to stop trying when faced with failures or difficulties

He refused to give up even when the odds were stacked against him.

to make someone disappointed by not meeting their expectations

The speaker's uninspiring presentation let down the audience, who had gathered with anticipation for an engaging and informative event.

having enough money to cover one's expenses and maintain a desirable lifestyle

Despite not being wealthy, they were well-off enough to afford a nice vacation every year.

a state characterized by constant feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of enegry or interest in activities

After the breakup, he fell into a deep depression.

costing a lot of money, more than the necessary or affordable amount

She threw an extravagant birthday party with live music and gourmet catering.

possessing a great amount of riches and material goods

The affluent neighborhood was characterized by its luxurious homes and upscale amenities.

to show courage and strength in a difficult situation

He needs to man up and confront his fear of public speaking.

to harm, damage, or ruin something

Heavy rain during the outdoor event threatened to spoil the carefully arranged decorations.

to make something seem more important or noticeable by highlighting it

She decided to play up her strengths during the interview.

owning a great amount of money or things that cost a lot

He invested wisely and became incredibly rich.

the condition or state of experiencing severe difficulty or suffering

The country has been in a state of hardship for many years due to the ongoing conflict.

rich and financially successful

He built a prosperous business from scratch.

not boasting about one's abilities, achievements, or belongings

Despite her remarkable talent, she remains modest and never seeks attention or praise.

a specific amount of money set aside for a particular use

The project has a strict budget for equipment.

giving attention or thought to what we are doing to avoid doing something wrong, hurting ourselves, or damaging something

Be careful when crossing the street.

to experience a period of financial or personal difficulty

The scheme is designed to help kids whose parents have fallen on hard times.

used to refer to the action of rising from the depth of poverty to the highest of riches

During his early years, he was working relentlessly to transform his life from rags to riches.

to accumulate a large amount of wealth or money through one's own efforts, often through business ventures or investments

Some people make a fortune through hard work and dedication to their careers.

to experience difficulties or challenges in life, often over a prolonged period of time

Our ancestors had it rough compared to us.