Unit 5

the state of legally belonging to a country

Her nationality is French, but she has lived in Canada for many years.

a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing

The movie relied on a stereotype of teenagers that wasn't true to life.

the island containing England, Scotland, and Wales

Britain is known for its rich history and cultural heritage.

relating to the country, people, or culture of the United Kingdom

Shakespeare is one of the most famous British playwrights in history.

a person who is of British nationality, descent, or origin

The Briton proudly celebrated the Queen's birthday.

someone from Britain, typically of British nationality or origin

The bar was filled with Brits cheering for their football team.

belonging or relating to England, its people, or language

She took an English class to improve her language skills.

the original language of Wales

relating to or characteristic of the Celts

a European country in the northern United Kingdom

Scotland is known for its breathtaking landscapes, including the Highlands and numerous lochs.

belonging or relating to Scotland, its people, or the Gaelic language

She enjoys listening to traditional Scottish music.

someone who is from Scotland

The Scot proudly wore a kilt to the traditional festival.

a Celtic language spoken in Scotland, primarily in the Scottish Highlands

She is learning Scottish Gaelic to preserve her family’s cultural heritage.

a country in Western Central Europe, south of Germany

Geneva, located in Switzerland, is home to many international organizations.

belonging or relating to Switzerland, or its people

Many tourists love the tranquil beauty of Swiss lakes.

relating to the country, people, culture, or language of France

French cuisine is known for its delicious cheeses and wines.

relating to Germany or its people or language

German castles, such as Neuschwanstein and Heidelberg Castle, attract many tourists.

one of the four official languages of Switzerland, along with German, French, and Italian

She took a course to learn Romansh during her visit to Switzerland.

a country in the North Western Europe, informally known as Holland

Cycling is a popular mode of transport in the Netherlands.

belonging or relating to the Netherlands, its people, and language

Dutch architecture is unique and striking.

an individual who is from the Netherlands or of Dutch nationality or descent

The Dutchman shared stories about growing up in a small village in the Netherlands.

a country in Western Europe bordered by Germany, France, and Luxembourg

Belgium is famous for its delicious chocolate and a wide variety of tasty beers.

referring to something or someone from or related to Belgium

The Belgian waffles we had for breakfast were delicious.

a country in Northern Europe and Eastern Scandinavia

I visited Sweden last summer and loved it.

belonging or relating to Sweden, its people, and language

ABBA is a famous Swedish pop band.

the swollen yellow root of a plant of the cabbage family, used in cooking

He used swede slices as a healthier alternative to french fries.

a country in Northern Europe in the Scandinavia

Denmark is famous for its Viking history and ancient ruins.

belonging or relating to Denmark, its people, and language

The Danish design is celebrated worldwide for its simplicity and functionality.

someone from Denmark or of Danish descent

The Dane was proud to share stories of his country's history.

a country in the Central Europe near the Baltic Sea

I didn't know that Poland joined the European Union in 2004.

to rub the surface of something, often using a brush or a piece of cloth, to make it bright, smooth, and shiny

The jeweler polished the silver necklace to a high shine.

someone who is from Poland or their family came from Poland

As a proud Pole, she often shares stories about her family's traditions and heritage during holidays.

a country in Northern Europe bordered by Norway, Sweden, and Russia

Finland is famous for its stunning Northern Lights during the winter.

one of Finland's official languages

She took a course to learn Finnish before moving to Helsinki.

a person from Finland or of Finnish descent

an island country in the North Atlantic, known for its dramatic volcanic landscapes, glaciers, and geothermal activity

Iceland is famous for its stunning geysers and hot springs.

a person from Iceland, a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean

As an Icelander, she takes great pride in the country’s rich history and traditions.

a Scandinavian language that is the official language of Iceland

a country in southwest Europe

Barcelona, located in Spain, is famous for its unique architecture.

the main language of Spain and many Southern or Central American countries

Learning Spanish is helpful for travelling in Central and South America.

a large bird that has a bald head and is often kept for its meat, especially in the US

The turkey strutted proudly around the farmyard, puffing out its feathers to impress the hens.

relating to the country, people, culture, or language of Turkey

He watched a Turkish film without subtitles to improve his language skills.

someone who is from Turkey or their family came from Turkey

The Turk culture is rich in history, with traditions that date back thousands of years.

a sovereign island country located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, known for its stunning landscapes and diverse Maori and European cultures

The capital of New Zealand is Wellington, located on the North Island.

a native or inhabitant of New Zealand

an eastern Polynesian language spoken by the Maori people of New Zealand

Maori is taught in schools throughout New Zealand to help preserve the language.

a country in Central Asia between Iran and Pakistan

He is working on a development project in Afghanistan.

a person from Afghanistan or of Afghan descent

As an Afghanistani, she felt a deep connection to her ancestral land despite living abroad.

someone who is a native or citizen of Afghanistan

one of the Afghanistan's official languages, which is also the second most-used language in Pakistan

He is fluent in Pashto and often translates for his community.

a dialect of the Persian language that is primarily spoken in Afghanistan

Dari is spoken by millions of people in Afghanistan, especially in the central and northern regions.

a country that is in the southern part of South America

Argentina is renowned for its stunning landscapes, from the Andes mountains to the beautiful beaches along the Atlantic coast.

relating to Argentina or its people

The Argentine soccer team won the World Cup in 2022.

relating to the country, people, culture, or language of Argentina

The Argentinian culture is famous for its tango music and dance, which originated in the streets of Buenos Aires.

a country in western South America

He spent his vacation exploring the Amazon rainforest in Peru.

referring to anything or anyone that is related to or originates from Peru

The Peruvian coast is famous for its seafood dishes, especially ceviche.

a language spoken by the Aymara people, primarily in the Andes region of South America, particularly in Bolivia, Peru, and Chile

Aymara is one of the official languages of Bolivia.

a family of indigenous languages spoken primarily in the Andes region of South America, especially in Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Colombia, and the language of the ancient Inca Empire

Quechua is one of the official languages of Peru alongside Spanish.

to drop bombs on someone or something continuously

During the war, the enemy aircraft would bombard the city with relentless airstrikes.

to undertake a risky or daring journey or course of action

It took courage for the astronauts to venture into outer space where one small error could prove fatal.

to precisely locate or identify something or someone

Using advanced technology, scientists were able to pinpoint the epicenter of the earthquake within a matter of seconds.

to follow, watch, or pursue someone persistently and often secretly, causing them fear or discomfort

Unbeknownst to her, a mysterious figure began to stalk Mary on her way home from work.

leave (a job, post, or position) voluntarily

a person's family and relatives

She was surrounded by her kin at the family reunion.

a contractual agreement that grants a company or individual the right to operate a subsidiary business, such as a store or a kiosk, within the premises of another business or organization

The airport granted a concession to a coffee chain to open a kiosk in the terminal.

(chess) an opening strategy in which a player voluntarily sacrifices a pawn or sometimes a more valuable piece, typically in the early moves of the game

a sudden, intense, and pleasurable feeling of excitement, shiver, fear, or thrill, often accompanied by a tingling sensation on the skin

She felt a frisson of excitement as the concert began.

the high level of respect people have for someone based on their impressive achievements

His work elevated him to a position of great stature in the scientific community.

a familiar place or location, particularly one where someone often goes to or spends time in

The local park became his stomping ground, where he would jog every morning and meet his friends for picnics.

in a way that has no errors or mistakes

The scientist measured the temperature accurately using calibrated instruments.

in a tough, solid, and durable way

The shelter was robustly built to withstand storms.

a semi-precious gemstone that takes a high polish and is green, consisting of jadeite or nephrite

to gradually moving forward or extending beyond established boundaries or limits

The company's expansion plans gradually encroach on the outskirts of the town, prompting discussions about urban development.

much smaller than what is normal

The diminutive kitten curled up in the corner, its tiny frame emitting soft purrs.