Lesson 9

(of clothes) designed with special material that keeps the wearer warm

She wore a thermal jacket and pants to stay warm during the winter hike.

referring to generation of electricity from temperature differences between materials

Scientists are researching new thermoelectric materials to improve the efficiency of energy conversion.

the electricity produced through the direct conversion of heat energy, often using a thermocouple

Researchers are exploring advanced materials to enhance thermoelectricity generation, aiming for more efficient energy conversion from heat sources.

an armed or violent rebellion by a group seeking to challenge or overthrow a ruling government

In the face of social and economic inequality, marginalized groups often resort to insurgence as a means to demand change.

a person who takes part in an armed rebellion against the constituted authority (especially in the hope of improving conditions)

a rebellion or armed uprising against established authority

The country has been grappling with an insurgency in its northern region for several years.

a system where people are treated differently or separated based on their race, ethnicity, or other characteristics

Activists fought tirelessly to end apartheid and achieve equality.

displaying minimal emotional expression or engagement

Her apathetic response to the news of the company's layoffs surprised her colleagues.

a long piece of writing on a particular subject that a university student presents in order to get an advanced degree

She spent months researching for her dissertation on climate change.

an action that ultimately leads to a negative outcome, often due to lack of knowledge, care, or understanding of the situation

Ignoring the concerns and feedback of customers can be a disservice to a business, leading to a decline in satisfaction and loyalty.

to divide something into distinct parts

The historical event served as a catalyst to dissever the nation, leading to the partition and the formation of separate countries.

the starting point of a process, event, or entity, often associated with the formation of something new

Exploring the genesis of the universe remains a captivating topic for scientists.

relating to the reproductive organs of the body

Certain medical conditions can cause discomfort or pain in the genital region, requiring specialized treatment.

the case expressing ownership

a person or thing that serves as an excellent model or example of a particular quality or type

The student's essay was an exemplar of clear and persuasive writing.

serving as an excellent example, worthy of imitation or admiration

His exemplary leadership skills inspired his team to achieve great success.

to provide a concrete illustration that helps make a concept or idea more understandable

To exemplify the concept of perseverance, think of a marathon runner who continues to push forward despite exhaustion and pain.

lacking high standards of morality, dignity, or honor

He resorted to ignoble tactics, spreading false rumors and engaging in character assassination, to win the election.

making one feel ashamed because of being very bad or unacceptable

The general suffered an ignominious defeat.

a situation or event that causes embarrassment or a loss of respect, particularly when experienced in a public or widespread manner

The politician faced ignominy after the scandal broke.