Lesson 48

to completely destroy or remove something

Conservationists are working to extirpate the invasive plant species threatening the native flora.

to end or destroy something entirely

The authorities took swift action to extinguish the criminal organization.

(of an animal, plant, etc.) not having any living members, either due to natural causes, environmental changes, or human activity

The dodo bird is an example of a species that is now extinct, as it disappeared centuries ago due to human activity.

someone or something that gives money, clothes, etc. to a charity for free

The hospital honored its largest donor for contributing funds to build a new pediatric wing.

a person or institution that receives valuable resources

to end by coming to a climactic point

Their efforts culminate in a successful outcome.

a concluding action

a set of rules or directives made and maintained by an authority, especially in order to regulate conduct

a large collection of islands or the sea surrounding them

The Philippines is an archipelago with over 7,000 islands.

someone or something serving as the very typical example of a thing or person

a religious leader in Anglican Church whose rank is one level lower than a bishop

a bishop of the highest rank who is responsible for all the churches in a specific large area

The archbishop presided over the diocese, which encompassed several cities and towns.

to sway physically from side to side

The needle on the compass began to vacillate wildly as they approached the magnetic anomaly.

the state or quality of not being meaningful or significant

so hilarious that cheers people up

The uproarious laughter in the theater could be heard even outside the building.

to rotate or flip something in an upward direction

She upturned the box to empty its contents onto the table.

the act of maintaining something in good condition

The upkeep of the garden requires regular watering and pruning.

to criticize someone for doing or saying something that one believes to be wrong

The teacher upbraided the student for cheating on the exam.