Lesson 37

the fine spores that contain male gametes and that are borne by an anther in a flowering plant

to damage the environment by releasing harmful chemicals or substances to the air, water, or land

Factories often pollute the air with emissions from burning fossil fuels.

extremely large in size or extent

The gigantic iceberg floated ominously in the frigid waters, dwarfing the nearby ships.

suggesting the horror of death and decay

containing or resembling small, rough particles

The sandpaper had a gritty texture, perfect for smoothing rough surfaces.

tough elastic tissue; mostly converted to bone in adults

to secretly enter an organization or group with the aim of spying on its members or gathering information

During the Cold War, intelligence agencies attempted to infiltrate enemy organizations for espionage.

to have an effect on a particular person or thing

The mentor's guidance greatly influenced the professional development of the young entrepreneur.

an assortment of short literary works, such as poems, essays, ballads, and stories, compiled into a single volume

The publisher released a miscellany of 19th-century romantic poetry.

(of an act or statement) causing trouble, harm, or inconvenience

The mischievous rumor spread quickly through the office.

express strong disapproval of

deserving strong criticism or punishment because it is morally wrong or unacceptable

Lying under oath is a reprehensible act.

a sudden, high-pitched cry or scream that is sharp and piercing in nature

She let out a shriek when she saw the spider on her bed.

occurring from time to time, in an irregular manner

The sporadic rainfall throughout the day led to unpredictable weather conditions.

a profession of belief

a person who makes a will

something that serves as evidence

any experience that causes intense suffering