Lesson 18

to attempt to persuade a person into accepting one's beliefs, particularly political or religious ones

The missionaries proselytize in various communities to spread their religious beliefs.

to exclude someone from a community or group as a form of punishment or social rejection

After the scandal, he was ostracized by his colleagues and no longer invited to company events.

to capture someone's attention and interest completely, in a way that they forget about everything else

The hypnotic dance performance mesmerized the audience, holding their attention until the very end.

to treat something or someone as if they were important or famous

The media tends to lionize celebrities, often putting them on a pedestal regardless of their actual achievements.

to grant the right of voting to a person or group

The new law aimed to enfranchise all eligible citizens.

to use less money, time, or other resources

She learned to economize her time by planning her tasks in advance.

to take strength, energy, or life out of something

to cause something to lose all magnetic properties

to turn into one or multiple crystals

Over time, the mineral-rich water in the cave started to crystallize, forming beautiful stalactites and stalagmites.

to delete the sections or words that are believed to be offensive or inappropriate from a play, movie, book, etc.

The editor decided to bowdlerize the novel to make it suitable for a younger audience.

to provide someone with something, such as help or services, especially as required or expected

During the event, the organizers will render information about the schedule and activities to the attendees.

to offer something and let the other person decide whether to accept or reject it

The job applicant nervously proffered their resume to the interviewer.

to continue a course of action, especially in the face of difficulty or with little or no prospect of success

Despite facing numerous rejections, she persevered in her writing career.

a two-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle used to pull a field gun or caisson

a seller of shoddy goods

a chain or shackle fastened around the ankles or feet, typically used to confine prisoners or slaves

The prisoner's fetters clanked loudly as he was led down the corridor.

coarse food (especially for livestock) composed of entire plants or the leaves and stalks of a cereal crop

to provide care and a supportive home for children, often not biologically related, during difficult times

The couple decided to foster a child, offering a stable and nurturing environment.

to prevent something from moving or progressing

The heavy rain hampered our plans for a picnic.