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复数形式
rudiments
1
基础, 草图
the earlier versions of something that are not fully developed
- The artist's early sketches served as the rudiments of their final masterpiece, capturing the initial ideas and composition.
艺术家的早期草图是他们最终杰作的雏形，捕捉了最初的想法和构图。
- With just the rudiments of a plan, they embarked on their entrepreneurial journey, full of determination and a vision for success.
仅凭一个计划的基础，他们开始了创业之旅，充满了决心和成功的愿景。
2
基础, 初步
the basic things you learn first about any subject
- In music class, they started by learning the rudiments of reading sheet music and understanding musical notation.
在音乐课上，他们从学习阅读乐谱和理解音乐符号的基础开始。
- The workshop provided participants with the rudiments of photography, covering essential topics such as composition, lighting, and exposure.
研讨会为参与者提供了摄影的基础知识，涵盖了构图、照明和曝光等基本主题。
- Before diving into complex equations, the math teacher ensured that the students had a solid grasp of the rudiments of arithmetic.
在深入复杂的方程之前，数学老师确保学生们对算术的基础有扎实的掌握。
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