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1
the arrangement and physical features of a surface, including its natural and man-made elements
- The topography of the valley made road construction difficult.
- Satellite data revealed the island's rugged topography.
- Urban planners studied the city's topography before expanding the rail system.
- The desert's flat topography allows for long-range visibility.
- The region's topography includes rivers, hills, and agricultural terraces.
2
a detailed study or mapping of the surface features of a region
- The expedition conducted a topography of the mountain range.
- Modern drones have revolutionized topography and terrain analysis.
- The topography of the coastline was recorded for navigation charts.
- Accurate topography is essential for geological fieldwork.
- The army relied on topography to plan defensive positions.