Anatomy and Genetics

单倍体, 单倍体细胞

Gametes, such as sperm and egg cells, are haploids that fuse during fertilization to form a diploid zygote.

配子，如精子和卵细胞，是单倍体，在受精过程中融合形成二倍体合子。

早期生长反应, 早期生长反应因子

横膈膜, 膈肌

The diaphragm contracts and relaxes to control breathing.

横膈膜通过收缩和放松来控制呼吸。

阑尾, 盲肠

An inflamed appendix can cause severe abdominal pain and fever.

发炎的阑尾会导致严重的腹痛和发烧。

肠的, 肠道的

Intestinal bacteria play a crucial role in digestion and nutrient absorption in the intestines.

肠道细菌在消化和肠道内营养吸收中起着至关重要的作用。

前额叶皮层, 前额叶

脾脏, 脾

The spleen is an organ located in the upper left side of the abdomen, beneath the ribcage, and is part of the lymphatic system.

脾脏是位于腹部左上侧、肋骨下方的器官，是淋巴系统的一部分。

珐琅质, 牙齿珐琅质

Enamel is the hard outer layer of the teeth that protects them from decay and damage.

牙釉质是牙齿坚硬的外层，保护牙齿免受腐烂和损伤。

锁骨, 锁骨骨

She broke her clavicle while skiing.

她在滑雪时摔断了锁骨。

耳蜗, 蜗管

盲肠

躯干, 上身

The artist sculpted a lifelike statue of a human torso, capturing the muscular contours with precision.

艺术家雕刻了一个栩栩如生的人体躯干雕像，精确地捕捉了肌肉的轮廓。

动脉, 血管

Atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up inside the arteries, can restrict blood flow and lead to serious health issues like heart attacks and strokes.

关节, 接合处

The knee is a complex joint that allows for bending and straightening of the leg.

膝盖是一个复杂的关节，可以使腿弯曲和伸直。

脊柱

The surgeon carefully examined the patient's spine to assess the extent of the injury.

外科医生仔细检查了病人的脊柱以评估受伤的程度。

道, 系统

冠状动脉, 冠状动脉血栓形成

甲状腺

Autoimmune diseases like Hashimoto's thyroiditis can lead to inflammation and dysfunction of the thyroid.

像桥本甲状腺炎这样的自身免疫性疾病会导致甲状腺发炎和功能障碍。

距骨, 踝骨

The talus bone plays a crucial role in ankle stability and movement.

距骨在踝关节的稳定性和运动中起着至关重要的作用。

膀胱, 尿囊

She had to go to the restroom urgently as her bladder was full.

她不得不紧急去洗手间，因为她的膀胱已经满了。

生殖的

Reproductive organs in animals and plants facilitate the production of offspring.

动物和植物中的生殖器官有助于后代的产生。

感觉的, 感官的

Sensory neurons in the skin transmit touch sensations to the brain.

皮肤中的感觉神经元将触觉传递到大脑。

触觉的, 与触觉有关的

The artist explored the tactile qualities of different materials, using touch as a primary means of expression in her sculptures.

这位艺术家探索了不同材料的触觉特性，在她的雕塑中以触摸作为主要的表达方式。

视网膜的, 与视网膜有关的

听觉的, 与听觉有关的

The auditory system includes the ears and the brain's processing of sound signals.

听觉系统包括耳朵和大脑对声音信号的处理。

光学的, 视觉的

Optical illusions play tricks on the mind, challenging our perception of reality.

光学幻觉玩弄心灵，挑战我们对现实的感知。

染色体, 染色体元素

基因型

The genotype of an individual is responsible for the inheritance of specific traits, such as eye color and height.

个体的基因型负责特定性状的遗传，如眼睛颜色和身高。

表型, 可观察特征

Eye color, hair texture, and height are examples of human phenotypes.

眼睛颜色、头发质地和身高是人类表型的例子。

继承, 接收遗产

After her grandmother's passing, she inherited a beautiful antique necklace.

在她祖母去世后，她继承了一条美丽的古董项链。

修改, 调整

The tailor often modifies dresses to ensure a perfect fit.

裁缝经常修改裙子以确保完美合身。

He is proud of his royal lineage.

祖先, 先驱

The ancient civilization's progenitors laid the foundation for the cultural traditions that endured for centuries.

古代文明的始祖为持续了几个世纪的文化传统奠定了基础。

转基因的, 基因改造的

遗传学家, 遗传学专家

The geneticist conducted experiments to understand how certain traits are inherited in different animal species.

遗传学家进行了实验，以了解某些性状在不同动物物种中是如何遗传的。

基因组

The human genome consists of approximately 3 billion base pairs of DNA, encoding all the information needed for human development and function.

人类基因组由大约30亿个DNA碱基对组成，编码了人类发育和功能所需的所有信息。

核型, 染色体图谱

Genetic counselors use karyotypes to explain potential risks to parents.

遗传咨询师使用核型向父母解释潜在风险。

优生学

The idea of eugenics influenced many early 20th-century social policies.

优生学的思想影响了许多20世纪初的社会政策。

等位基因, 遗传变异体

In Mendelian genetics, offspring inherit one allele from each parent for a particular trait.

在孟德尔遗传学中，后代从每个亲本那里继承一个等位基因以获得特定性状。

隐性, 隐性等位基因

主导的, 占优势的

The lion is the dominant predator in its ecosystem, ruling over other animals.

狮子是其生态系统中的主导捕食者，统治着其他动物。

表情, 目光

Her eyes widened in surprise, an expression that conveyed her shock better than words ever could.

三体性, 染色体异常

Down syndrome is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21.

唐氏综合症是由21号染色体的三体性引起的。

着丝粒, 动粒

The centromere plays a crucial role in the proper segregation of chromosomes during mitosis.

着丝粒在有丝分裂过程中对染色体的正确分离起着至关重要的作用。

回文, 正读反读都相同的词或句子

细胞遗传学, 細胞遺傳學

Cytogenetics involves analyzing chromosomal abnormalities in patients with genetic disorders.

细胞遗传学涉及分析患有遗传疾病的患者的染色体异常。

常染色体, 非性染色体

Humans have 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes.

人类有22对常染色体和一对性染色体。

转染, 引入外源DNA或RNA的过程

遗传上, 以遗传的方式

The disease was found to be genetically inherited, passed down from one generation to the next.

发现这种疾病是遗传性的，代代相传。

突变, 遗传变化

The fish exhibited a unique fin shape, which was later identified as a result of a genetic mutation.

这条鱼展示了一种独特的鳍形状，后来被确定为基因突变的结果。