Biochemistry and Cell Structure

纤维素, 膳食纤维

Plants utilize cellulose as a structural component in their cell walls.

植物利用纤维素作为其细胞壁的结构成分。

果糖, 水果糖

Fruits contain fructose, contributing to their natural sweetness.

水果含有果糖，这有助于它们的天然甜味。

葡萄糖

肽, 氨基酸的短链

Scientists synthesized a peptide to study its potential as a new therapeutic drug.

科学家合成了一种肽，以研究其作为新治疗药物的潜力。

类胡萝卜素, 类胡萝卜素色素

The vivid orange color of carrots is due to the high concentration of carotenoids in their tissues.

胡萝卜鲜艳的橙色是由于其组织中高浓度的类胡萝卜素。

酶

Enzymes play a crucial role in digestion, breaking down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body.

酶在消化过程中起着至关重要的作用，将食物分解成可以被身体吸收的更小的分子。

蛋白质组, 完整的蛋白质集合

Scientists used mass spectrometry to analyze the proteome of cancer cells, identifying potential biomarkers for early detection.

科学家们使用质谱分析法分析了癌细胞的蛋白质组，确定了用于早期检测的潜在生物标志物。

核苷酸

The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines genetic information.

DNA中核苷酸的序列决定了遗传信息。

单糖

The body metabolizes carbohydrates into monosaccharides for energy.

身体将碳水化合物代谢为单糖以获取能量。

谷氨酸盐, 一种从谷氨酸衍生的基本化合物，对生物功能至关重要，并以其在中枢神经系统中的神经递质作用而闻名

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a popular food additive used to enhance the savory taste of dishes.

味精（谷氨酸盐）是一种流行的食品添加剂，用于增强菜肴的鲜味。

抗氧化剂

The blueberries were rich in antioxidants, which helped protect the body against free radicals.

蓝莓富含抗氧化剂，有助于保护身体免受自由基的侵害。

脂类, 脂肪

线粒体的，与线粒体有关的

Mitochondrial diseases can result from mutations in genes within the mitochondrial DNA.

线粒体疾病可能由线粒体DNA中的基因突变引起。

细胞质, 细胞质物质

Cytoplasm fills the interior of a cell, serving as a supportive medium for cellular structures and activities.

细胞质填充细胞的内部，作为细胞结构和活动的支持介质。

叶绿素, 绿色色素

Chlorophyll is responsible for the green color of plants, reflecting its role in photosynthesis.

叶绿素负责植物的绿色，反映了它在光合作用中的作用。

膜, 薄膜

The cell membrane protects the interior of the cell.

细胞膜保护细胞的内部。

组织, 细胞组织

Muscle tissue enables movement and supports the body's structure.

肌肉组织使运动成为可能并支持身体的结构。

高尔基体, 高尔基复合体

The Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins, ensuring they are properly shaped and functional.

高尔基体修饰和包装蛋白质，确保它们形状正确且功能正常。

核糖体

Ribosomes are the cellular factories responsible for building proteins, essential for various biological functions.

核糖体是负责构建蛋白质的细胞工厂，对各种生物功能至关重要。

溶酶体, 充满酶的小囊

Lysosomes act as the "recycling centers" of cells, breaking down and digesting cellular waste materials.

溶酶体充当细胞的“回收中心”，分解和消化细胞废物。

液泡, 小泡

Vacuoles in plant cells may contain pigments, giving flowers and fruits their vibrant colors.

植物细胞中的液泡可能含有色素，赋予花朵和果实鲜艳的颜色。

细胞核, 核

The nucleus of a cell contains genetic material in the form of DNA, which regulates cellular activities.

细胞的核含有DNA形式的遗传物质，调节细胞活动。

叶绿体, 光合细胞器

Chloroplasts are the green structures in plant cells where photosynthesis, the process of converting light into energy, takes place.

叶绿体是植物细胞中的绿色结构，光合作用即把光转化为能量的过程在此进行。

细胞骨架, 细胞支架

The cytoskeleton acts like a cell's internal scaffolding, maintaining its shape and structural integrity.

细胞骨架就像细胞的内部支架，维持其形状和结构完整性。

形态学, 对生物形态和结构的科学研究

细胞内的

细胞器, 胞器

The nucleus, an organelle housing genetic material, regulates cell activities.

细胞核是一种细胞器，容纳遗传物质，调节细胞活动。

形成层, 骨膜的内层