Scientifically Speaking

a branch of science that deals with animals

She decided to major in zoology because of her fascination with animal behavior.

the scientific study of plants, their structure, genetics, classification, etc.

She majored in botany to learn about plant genetics and classification.

the act of producing a substance that exists in living beings

The liver plays a crucial role in the synthesis of proteins necessary for blood clotting.

any foreign substance in the body that can trigger a response from the immune system

The vaccine introduces a harmless antigen to stimulate immunity.

a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases

High levels of cortisol can increase stress and anxiety.

to create an exact genetic copy of an organism or replicate something closely

Scientists successfully cloned the sheep "Dolly" from an adult cell.

having superiority in power, influence, or importance

The lion is the dominant predator in its ecosystem, ruling over other animals.

an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception

The ultrasound showed that the fetus was developing normally.

all of the genes that are available within breeding populations of a particular species of animal or plant

A diverse gene pool helps ensure the health and adaptability of a species.

the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

The human genome consists of approximately 3 billion base pairs of DNA, encoding all the information needed for human development and function.

the controlled maintenance of a specific temperature; fostering optimal conditions for the development of organisms, processes, or materials

The scientist adjusted the incubation temperature for the bacterial cultures.

a colorless liquid consisting of white blood cells that helps to prevent infections from spreading

Swelling can occur when lymph is not properly drained.

a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism

The cell membrane protects the interior of the cell.

to cause genetic changes

Exposure to radiation can potentially mutate cells and lead to genetic changes.

a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter involved in mood regulation.

a close and often long-term interaction between two different species living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both

The relationship between cleaner fish and larger fish, where the cleaner fish remove parasites, represents a mutualistic symbiosis.

a representative or characteristic sample that is examined or analyzed to gain insights or understanding of a particular group or category

The scientist examined the specimen under the microscope for research.

(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body

Salivary glands secrete enzymes that aid in the digestion of food.

the process of natural multiplication; representing the expansion of a population over time

Scientists studied the propagation of bacteria in different conditions.

the natural coloring of tissues, surfaces, or structures; contributing to the characteristic hues or tones observed in animals, plants, or human beings

Pigmentation varies greatly among different species of plants.

the field of science that studies the function or interactions among organisms

She is studying physiology to understand how the body’s systems work together.

(of a female animal or human) to produce an ovum from the ovary

To understand her cycle, she tracked when she ovulates.

(biology) the part of a cell that contains most of the genetic information

The nucleus of a cell contains genetic material in the form of DNA, which regulates cellular activities.

the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

Metabolism involves various biochemical reactions that convert nutrients from food into energy.

a method used for measuring how old an organic material is by calculating the amount of carbon they contain

Carbon dating revealed that the ancient artifact was over 5,000 years old.

the study of how communication and control work in living organisms and machines, focusing on information flow, feedback, and system regulation

Cybernetics examines how the human brain processes information and controls various bodily functions.

a branch of medical science primarily focusing on the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury

The hospital offers specialized services in pathology, including the analysis of tissue samples for diagnostic purposes.

the scientific and experimental operations performed on live animals

The ethics committee debated the use of vivisection in the laboratory.

the study of the behavior of air as it interacts with solid objects, particularly the flow of air around and through objects, and the effects of this interaction on the objects

Aerodynamics is essential in designing efficient aircraft wings, optimizing their shape for lift and minimizing drag during flight.

prone to unexpected and sudden changes, usually gets worse or dangerous

The political situation in the region is highly volatile.

to clean a surface by using a machine that sucks up dirt, dust, etc.

She vacuums the carpets in the living room every week to keep them clean.

(of clothes) designed with special material that keeps the wearer warm

She wore a thermal jacket and pants to stay warm during the winter hike.

the amount by which a propagating wave is bent

(physics) any of the smallest units that energy or matter consists of, such as electrons, atoms, molecules, etc.

Electrons are fundamental particles with a negative electric charge.

to move back and forth repeatedly between two points or positions

The pendulum swung back and forth, oscillating steadily over time.

the process or action of splitting a nucleus into two or more parts resulting in the release of a significant amount of energy

Nuclear fission is a process in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller nuclei, releasing a large amount of energy.

(physics) the reaction in which two nuclei join together and produce energy

Nuclear fusion is the process in which two atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing a large amount of energy in the process.

the force or energy that propels a process, idea, or endeavor, enabling it to continue moving, progressing, or gaining strength

The campaign gained momentum after the first success.

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass

Carbon-12 and carbon-14 are isotopes of carbon, with the former having 6 neutrons and the latter having 8 neutrons.

relating to the energy associated with motion or movement, emphasizing the dynamic state of objects in action

Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion.