Neurology and Blood Biochemistry

神经元, 神经细胞

Neurons transmit signals at speeds of up to 120 meters per second.

神经元以每秒高达120米的速度传输信号。

白质, 白色物质

连接组, 神经连接全图

副交感的

Chronic stress can impair parasympathetic function, contributing to health issues like digestive problems and insomnia.

慢性压力会损害副交感神经功能，导致消化问题和失眠等健康问题。

自主的, 植物性的

Sweating is an autonomic response to regulate body temperature.

出汗是调节体温的一种自主反应。

海马体, 大脑中负责记忆形成的弯曲结构

顶叶皮层, 顶叶皮质

神经递质

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter involved in mood regulation.

神经递质多巴胺参与情绪调节。

神经发生, 神经元生成

Physical exercise has been shown to enhance neurogenesis in the hippocampus, a brain region important for learning and memory.

体育锻炼已被证明可以增强海马体中的神经发生，海马体是大脑中对学习和记忆很重要的区域。

神经症, 神经官能症

Neurosis often manifests as chronic anxiety, obsessive behaviors, or phobias that interfere with daily functioning.

神经症通常表现为慢性焦虑、强迫行为或干扰日常功能的恐惧症。

神经科学家, 神经科学专家

The neuroscientist conducted experiments to investigate the effects of dopamine on decision-making.

神经科学家进行了实验以研究多巴胺对决策的影响。

联觉, 联觉

In synesthesia, hearing music may evoke the perception of colors or shapes.

在联觉中，听音乐可能会唤起对颜色或形状的感知。

感觉, 知觉

短期记忆, 工作记忆

Short-term memory allows us to remember a phone number long enough to dial it.

短期记忆使我们能够记住电话号码足够长的时间来拨号。

内分泌学

Endocrinology is the branch of medicine that focuses on the study and treatment of hormone-related disorders.

内分泌学是医学的一个分支，专注于研究和治疗与激素相关的疾病。

褪黑激素, 睡眠荷尔蒙

胃饥饿素, 饥饿激素

Ghrelin levels typically rise before meals, signaling the body's need for food.

胃饥饿素水平通常在餐前上升，标志着身体对食物的需求。

瘦素, 饱腹感激素

雌激素, 女性荷尔蒙

血清素, 5-羟色胺 (5-HT)

Serotonin levels are often associated with feelings of well-being and happiness.

血清素水平通常与幸福感和快乐感相关。

去甲肾上腺素, 正肾上腺素

组胺

Antihistamines are commonly used to relieve symptoms of allergic reactions by blocking histamine receptors.

抗组胺药通常用于通过阻断组胺受体来缓解过敏反应的症状。

脂蛋白, 脂质蛋白

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is often referred to as "good cholesterol" because it helps remove cholesterol from the bloodstream.

高密度脂蛋白（HDL）通常被称为“好胆固醇”，因为它有助于从血液中清除胆固醇。

突触, 神经细胞之间的连接

Neurotransmitters released into the synapse bind to receptors on the receiving neuron, facilitating the transmission of nerve impulses.

释放到突触中的神经递质与接收神经元的受体结合，促进神经冲动的传递。

生物标志物, 生物标记

氨基酸, 胺基酸

酸中毒, 酸血症

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a severe form of acidosis that can occur in individuals with uncontrolled diabetes.

糖尿病酮症酸中毒是一种严重的酸中毒形式，可能发生在未控制糖尿病的个体中。

碱中毒, 碱血症

Respiratory alkalosis can occur when there is hyperventilation, leading to a decrease in carbon dioxide levels in the blood.

呼吸性碱中毒可能在过度通气时发生，导致血液中二氧化碳水平下降。

血红蛋白, 珠蛋白

Iron-rich foods support hemoglobin levels.

富含铁的食物支持血红蛋白水平。

细胞因子, 细胞信号蛋白

抑制的, 限制的

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps regulate neural activity in the brain.

GABA（γ-氨基丁酸）是一种抑制性神经递质，有助于调节大脑中的神经活动。